A clinical case of an immunosuppressive generalized form of Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris

Evelina Koldarova 1 * , Bahrambek Mukhamedov 2, Aziz Aliev 3
More Detail
1 Dermatology Department, Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2 Dermatology Department, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3 Department of Dermatovenereology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
* Corresponding Author
J CLIN MED KAZ, Volume 19, Issue 6, pp. 100-103. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/12695
OPEN ACCESS 607 Views 371 Downloads
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

The article presents the literature data on Kaposi's sarcoma a lymphangioproliferative neoplasia induced by the Herpes Virus type 8.  The main forms, clinical manifestations and treatment are described. A clinical case of the development of an immunosuppressive generalized form of Kaposi's sarcoma induced by glucocorticosteroid therapy in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris is presented. With this clinical example, it is important to emphasize the potential risk of Kaposi's sarcoma on the background of secondary immunosuppression. Immunosuppressive Kaposi's sarcoma (iatrogenic type) is most often associated with long-term use of immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation organs and in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases, which leads to an increased risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma by 150-1000 times compared with the general population. The ratio of men and women with this type is 2:1, while with the idiopathic (classical) - 17:1. Reliable diagnosis of the disease is necessary, based on a combination of history data, clinical and histological patterns of the pathological process, as well as additional laboratory markers, which will allow timely determination of further patient management tactics and, accordingly, provide a more favorable prognosis for the course of the disease.
Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma, HHV type 8, clinical case, secondary immunosuppression

CITATION

Koldarova E, Mukhamedov B, Aliev A. A clinical case of an immunosuppressive generalized form of Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris. J CLIN MED KAZ. 2022;19(6):100-3. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/12695

REFERENCES

  • Aboulafia D.M. Kaposi’s sarcoma. Clin. Dermatol. 2001; 19(3):269-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(01)00176-6
  • Kalamkaryan A. A., Mordovtsev V. N., Trofimova L. Ya. Clinical dermatology. Rare and atypical dermatoses (Klinicheskaya dermatologiya. Redkiye i atipichnyye dermatozy) [in Russian]. Erevan: Ayastan. 1989; 461–471.
  • L.A. Goldsmith, S.I. Katz, B.A. Gilcrest et al. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in clinical practice: in 3 volumes (Dermatologiya Fitspatrika v klinicheskoy praktike v 3 t.) [in Russian]. Moscow: Panfilova. 2016; 2:1216.
  • Lectures on clinical oncology. Textbook under the total. ed. G.V. Bondar and S.V. Antipova - Donetsk: PP "Kalmius". 2009. 588 p. [in Russian].
  • Schwartz RA. Kaposi’s sarcoma: an update. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004; 87(3):146-151. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.20090
  • Kaplan L.D. Human herpesvirus-8: Kaposi sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. In: Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program, 2013. Hematol. 2013; 1:103-108. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.103
  • Barozzi P., Bonini C., Potenza L. et al. Changes in the immune responses against human herpesvirus-8 in the disease course of posttransplant Kaposi sarcoma. Transplantation. 2008; 86(5):738-744. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318184112c
  • Martellotta F., Berretta M., Vaccher E. et al. AIDS – related Kaposi’s sarcoma: state of the art and therapeutic strategies. Curr. HIV Res. 2009; 7(6):634-638. https://doi.org/10.2174/157016209789973619
  • Cinelli R., Vaccher E., Tirclli U. Clinical features and management of Kaposi’s sarcoma. In: Volberding P.A., Palevsky J.M., Walsh C.C., eds. Viral and immunological malignancies. Hamilton: BC Decker Inc. 2006. p.9-107.
  • Brown E.E., Whitby D., Vitale F. et al. Virologic, hematologic, and immunologic risk factors for classic Kaposi sarcoma. Cancer. 2006; 107(9):2282-2290. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22236
  • Iscovish J., Boffctta P., Franceschi S. et al. Classic Kaposi sarcoma: Epidemiology and risk factors. Cancer. 2000; 88(3):500-517. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000201)88:3<500::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-9
  • Martin J.N. Epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma – associated herpesvirus infection. In: P.A. Volberding, J.M. Palevsky, C.C. Walsh, eds. Viral and immunological malignancies. Hamilton: BC Decker Inc. 2006. p.67-88.
  • A. Sh. Aliev, B.I. Muhamedov, E.V. Koldarova. On the issue of differential diagnosis of pseudosarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma (clinical case) (K voprosu o differentsial'noy diagnostike psevdosarkomy i sarkomy Kaposhi (klinicheskiy sluchay) [in Russian]. Dermatovenereologiya. Kosmetologiya. 2022; 8(1):75-83. https://doi.org/10.34883/PI.2022.8.1.012
  • Altunay I., Kucukunal A., Demirei G.T., Ates B. Variable clinical presentations of Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in Turkish patients. J. Dermatol. Case Rep. 2012; 6(1):8-13. https://doi.org/10.3315/jdcr.2012.1088
  • Hengge U.R., Ruzicka T., Tyring S.K. et al. Update on Kaposi’s sarcoma and other HHV8 associated diseases. Part 1: Epidemiology, environmental predispositions, clinical manifestations, and therapy. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2002; 2(5):281-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00263-3
  • Bernardini B., Faggion D., Calabro L. et al. Imiquimod for the treatment of classical Kaposi’s sarcoma. Acta Derm. Venereol. 2010; 90(4):417-418. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-0850
  • Prokofiev A.A., Molochkov V.A., Molochkov A.V. et al. Photodynamic therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma (Fotodinamicheskaya terapiya sarkomy Kaposhi) [in Russian]. Ros. zhurnal kozhn. i ven. bolezney. 2011; 4:(4-6).
  • Kartashova M.G., Malinovskaya V.V. Immunocorrective therapy of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma with Viferon (Immunokorrigiruyushchaya terapiya bol'nykh sarkomoy Kaposhi preparatom Viferon) [in Russian]. Immunologiya. 2008; 4:227-229.
  • Kazantseva K.V., Molochkov A.V., Molochkov V.A. et al. Kaposi's sarcoma: pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis and modern methods of treatment (Sarkoma Kaposhi: patogenez, klinika, diagnostika i sovremennyye metody lecheniya) [in Russian]. Ros. zhurnal kozhn. i ven. Bolezney. 2015; 1:7-14.