Artificial Intelligence in Sports Science: A Systematic Review on Performance Optimization, Injury Prevention, and Rehabilitation

Artificial intelligence (AI) and technology-assisted rehabilitation are transforming sports science by enhancing athletic performance, preventing injuries, and optimizing rehabilitation. AI-driven models, including machine learning, neural networks, and computer vision, are increasingly utilized to analyze athlete biomechanics, predict injury risks, and personalize training interventions.
Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized findings from multiple studies evaluating AI-based interventions in sports performance, injury prevention, and rehabilitation. Effect sizes were extracted from studies using machine learning, neural networks, and computer vision-based techniques. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed to ensure reliability.
Results
AI technologies demonstrated a significant positive effect across multiple domains.
Injury prevention showed the highest impact (ES = 0.75, 95% CI [0.61, 0.89]), followed by rehabilitation (ES = 0.69, 95% CI [0.53, 0.85]).
Machine learning techniques had the highest effect size (ES = 0.72, 95% CI [0.58, 0.86]), reinforcing their role in predictive analytics and training adaptation.
Moderate heterogeneity (I² = 58%, p < .01) suggests AI’s effectiveness varies based on sport-specific applications and implementation strategies.
Egger’s test (p = 0.23) indicated no significant publication bias, confirming the reliability of the findings.
Conclusion
AI has emerged as a valuable tool in sports science, enhancing performance, reducing injury risks, and improving rehabilitation strategies. While promising, challenges such as data accessibility, usability, and ethical considerationsremain. Future research should focus on large-scale randomized trials, comparative effectiveness studies, and AI-driven athlete monitoring. Advancing AI’s integration into sports medicine and biomechanics will be crucial for its long-term impact on athlete performance and well-being.