The impact of periodontitis on the risk of preterm birth: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhibek Oralkhan 1 * , Gurpreet Singh Walia 2, Gulmira Zhurabekova 1, Akzhenis Berdalinova 1 3, Ibrahim Abdelazim 4, Erasyl Madatuly Kabi 5, Lazzat Bimaganbetova 6
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1 Department of Fundamental Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty Kazakhstan
2 General Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
3 Department of Histology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
4 Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
5 Department of the Consultative and Diagnoses, Atyrau Regional Perinatal Center, Atyrau, Kazakhstan
6 Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Kyzylorda Regional Perinatal Center, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan
* Corresponding Author
J CLIN MED KAZ, Volume 20, Issue 3, pp. 56-62. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13322
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ABSTRACT

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the most prevalent and serious adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and major health risk for pregnant individuals and their children during pregnancy and throughout their lifespan. Periodontitis has long been regarded as a silent pandemic which happens to favor the pregnant women due to the physical and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Understanding of the association underscores the importance of keeping oral diseases under check and control to predict and even reduce the risk. The aim is to evaluate the association between periodontitis during pregnancy and preterm birth.
Material and methods: A screening and analysis was conducted on studies with comparison data about periodontal infection diseases during pregnancy and preterm birth. The databases include Scopus, PubMed, Elibrary, local databases and the Cochrane library and were searched up to November 20, 2022. The selected studies were included in a random-effects meta-analysis after evaluation of the methodological quality. The summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with Review Manager software.
Results: The review finally included 29 studies involving 2606589 pregnant women. Compared with healthy oral status in pregnancy, periodontitis was associated with preterm birth [OR=1.81, CI=1.60 to 2.03; p<0.001; I2 = 95%].
Conclusion: Periodontitis as one of the important factors is associated with increased risks of preterm birth. It is important to put the disease under control before and during pregnancy to reduce the preterm birth outcome.
Keywords: pregnancy, preterm birth (PTB), periodontitis.

CITATION

Oralkhan Z, Walia GS, Zhurabekova G, Berdalinova A, Abdelazim I, Kabi EM, et al. The impact of periodontitis on the risk of preterm birth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J CLIN MED KAZ. 2023;20(3):56-62. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13322

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