Epidemiological Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects: Trends and Outcomes from 2019 to 2023
Dilyafruz G. Bolatova 1 * ,
Kanatzhan S. Kemelbekov 1,
Aizhanna M. Umarova 2,
Mariya U. Anartaeva 3,
Yergali N. Zhanikulov 4,
Altyn M. Dossanova 5 More Detail
1 Department of Pediatrics-1, South Kazakh Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
2 Preschool-school department of “Salauatty Astana” LLP, Astana, Kazakhstan
3 Department of Social health insurance and public health, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
4 The state municipal enterprise on the right of economic management "City maternity hospital", Shymkent, Kazakhstan
5 State Communal Enterprise under the right of economic management "Regional Children's Hospital" of the Turkestan Region Health Department
* Corresponding Author
J CLIN MED KAZ, Volume 22, Issue 3, pp. 73-78.
https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/16423
OPEN ACCESS
102 Views
52 Downloads
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, K. K. and D. B; methodology, K. K. and D. B.; validation, K. S. and A. D.; formal analysis, D. B.; investigation, D. B.; and Y. Zh.; resources, D. B. and A. D ; data curation, K. K., D. B. and A. D.; writing – original draft preparation, D. B. and A. U.; writing – review and editing, D. B., A. U. and K. K.; visualization, D. B. and K. K.; supervision – not applicable; project administration- not applicable; funding acquisition – not applicable. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Data availability statement: The corresponding author can provide the data supporting the study's conclusions upon request. Due to ethical and privacy constraints, the data are not publicly accessible.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are among the most common types of birth defects globally, affecting a significant number of children each year. In Kazakhstan, including the Turkestan region, there is growing concern over the increasing prevalence of CHD and the challenges associated with early detection and treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has further complicated these issues by disrupting healthcare services, leading to delayed diagnoses and reduced access to specialized care. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence and outcomes of CHD in the Turkestan region, focusing on recent trends and the impact of the pandemic.
This study aimed to analyze the incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of congenital heart defects among children in the Turkestan region of Kazakhstan between 2019 and 2023.
Methods: All patients diagnosed with congenital heart defects registered in the hospital during the specified period were included in this information-analytical study using ICD-10 codes Q20-Q28. Age trends, prevalence rates per 100,000 population, absolute mortality counts, and outcomes of hospital stay were calculated.
Results: The sample consisted of 5214 patients with congenital heart defects, of whom 890 were children under 1 year of age. During the study period, 2,374 surgical interventions were performed, and 173 in-hospital deaths were recorded.
Conclusions: The study showed that congenital heart disease in children in Turkestan region is characterised by a high incidence at the age of 1 to 3 years, a higher incidence in girls and an increase in cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most patients showed positive outcomes after hospitalisation and treatment, but mortality remained significant in cases of complex malformations.
CITATION
Bolatova DG, Kemelbekov KS, Umarova AM, Anartaeva MU, Zhanikulov YN, Dossanova AM. Epidemiological Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects: Trends and Outcomes from 2019 to 2023. J CLIN MED KAZ. 2025;22(3):73-8.
https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/16423
REFERENCES
- Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, Barengo NC, Beaton AZ, Benjamin EJ, Benziger CP, Bonny A, Brauer M, Brodmann M, Cahill TJ, Carapetis J, Catapano AL, Chugh SS, Cooper LT, Coresh J, Criqui M, DeCleene N, Eagle KA, Emmons-Bell S, Feigin VL, Fernández-Solà J, Fowkes G, Gakidou E, Grundy SM, He FJ, Howard G, Hu F, Inker L, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Koroshetz W, Lavie C, Lloyd-Jones D, Lu HS, Mirijello A, Temesgen AM, Mokdad A, Moran AE, Muntner P, Narula J, Neal B, Ntsekhe M, Moraes de Oliveira G, Otto C, Owolabi M, Pratt M, Rajagopalan S, Reitsma M, Ribeiro ALP, Rigotti N, Rodgers A, Sable C, Shakil S, Sliwa-Hahnle K, Stark B, Sundström J, Timpel P, Tleyjeh IM, Valgimigli M, Vos T, Whelton PK, Yacoub M, Zuhlke L, Murray C, Fuster V; GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 76(25): 2982–3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010 .
- Ryota Ochiai, Ju Ryoung Moon, Hsiao-Ling Yang. Lifelong care for patients with congenital heart disease in Asia. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2023; 22 (6): e49–e50. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvad052
- Everitt IK, Gerardin JF, Rodriguez FH, Book WM. Improving the quality of transition and transfer of care in young adults with congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis. 2017; 12(3): 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/chd.12463 .
- Simeone RM, Oster ME, Cassell CH, Armour BS, Gray DT, Honein MA. Pediatric inpatient hospital resource use for congenital heart defects. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2014; 100(12): 934–943. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdra.23262 .
- Pasquali SK, Thibault D, O'Brien SM, Jacobs JP, Gaynor JW, Romano JC, Gaies M, Hill KD, Jacobs ML, Shahian DM, Backer CL, Mayer JE. National Variation in Congenital Heart Surgery Outcomes. Circulation. 2020; 142(14):1351–1360. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046962 .
- Syssoyev D, Seitkamzin A, Lim N, Mussina K, Poddighe D, Gaipov A, Galiyeva D. Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease in Kazakhstan: Data from the Unified National Electronic Healthcare System 2014–2021. J Clin Med Kaz. 2024; 21(3): 49–55. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/14683
- Qazalem Internet service. Available from:https://qazalem.kz/ru/about [Accessed 25 December 2024].
- National Statistical Bureau. Taldau statistics. Available from: https://www.taldau.stat.gov.kz [Accessed 29 November 2024].
- Qiu X, Weng Z, Liu M, Chen X, Wu Q, Ling W, Ma H, Huang H, Lin Y. Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes of 1492 fetuses with congenital heart disease: role of multidisciplinary-joint consultation in prenatal diagnosis. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1): 7564. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64591-3
- Bonnet D. Impacts of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases on outcomes. Transl Pediatr. 2021; 10(8): 2241–2249. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-20-267
- Quartermain MD, Pasquali SK, Hill KD, Goldberg DJ, Huhta JC, Jacobs JP, Jacobs ML, Kim S, Ungerleider RM. Variation in Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants. Variation in Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants. Pediatrics. 2015; 136(2): e378–e385. https://doi.org/0.1542/peds.2014-3783
- Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Falk V, González-Juanatey JR, Harjola VP, Jankowska EA, Jessup M, Linde C, Nihoyannopoulos P, Parissis JT, Pieske B, Riley JP, Rosano GMC, Ruilope LM, Ruschitzka F, Rutten FH, van der Meer P; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(27): 2129–2200. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
- Mir TS, Haun C, Lilje C, Läer S, Weil J. Utility of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations in comparison to lactate and troponin in children with congenital heart disease following open-heart surgery. Pediatr Cardiol. 2006; 27(2): 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-005-1152-8
- Azizova NA. Clinical Value of NT-proBNP and Lactate Parameters in Infants with Congenital Heart Defects. J Clin Med Kaz. 2024; 21(6): 41–47. doi.org/doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/15603
- Liu Y, Chen S, Zühlke L, Babu-Narayan SV, Black GC, Choy MK, Li N, Keavney BD. Global prevalence of congenital heart disease in school-age children: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020; 20(1): 488. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01781-x
- Kovacs AH, McCrindle BW. So hard to say goodbye: transition from paediatric to adult cardiology care. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014; 11(1): 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2013.172
- Marelli AJ, Ionescu-Ittu R, Mackie AS, Guo L, Dendukuri N, Kaouache M. Lifetime prevalence of congenital heart disease in the general population from 2000 to 2010. Circulation. 2014; 130(9): 749–756. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008396
- Gerardin J, Raskind-Hood C, Rodriguez FH 3rd, Hoffman T, Kalogeropoulos A, Hogue C, Book W. Lost in the system? Transfer to adult congenital heart disease care-Challenges and solutions. Congenit Heart Dis. 2019; 14(4): 541–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/chd.12780
- Robinson J, Sahai S, Pennacchio C, Sharew B, Chen L, Karamlou T. Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on Access to and Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease in the United States. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2024; 11(2): 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020067
- Lopez KN, Baker-Smith C, Flores G, Gurvitz M, Karamlou T, Nunez Gallegos F, Pasquali S, Patel A, Peterson JK, Salemi JL, Yancy C, Peyvandi S;. American Heart Association Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health. Addressing Social Determinants of Health and Mitigating Health Disparities across the Lifespan in Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022; 11(8): e025358. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.122.020758
- Soleimani A, Soleimani Z. Presentation and Outcome of Congenital Heart Disease During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2022; 47(1): 100905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100905
- Long B, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M.. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020; 38(7): 1504–1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.048
- Nishiga M, Wang DW, Han Y, Lewis DB, Wu JC. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020; 17(9): 543–558. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0413-9
- Marmech E, Barkallah O, Selmi I, Ben Hamida N, Guizani A, Ouerda H, Khlif S, Ben Hfaiedh J, Kanzari J, Khlayfia Z, Halioui S, Azzabi O, Siala N. Congenital heart disease: Epidemiological, genetic and evolutive profil. Tunis Med. 2024; 102(9): 576–581. https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v102i9.5060